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Increased fructose associates with elevated blood pressure.

Diana I Jalal1, Gerard Smits, Richard J Johnson

  • 1Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver Health Sciences Center, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Research 2, C281, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. diana.jalal@ucdenver.edu

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|July 3, 2010
PubMed
Summary

High fructose intake from added sugars is linked to increased blood pressure (BP) in US adults. Consuming 74g or more of fructose daily significantly raises the risk of elevated BP levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Hypertension prevalence is rising in industrialized nations, paralleling increased fructose consumption.
  • Epidemiologic evidence linking fructose intake to hypertension has been inconsistent.
  • Previous studies have not definitively established the independent association between added sugar fructose and elevated blood pressure (BP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between increased fructose intake from added sugars and the risk of higher BP levels in US adults without a history of hypertension.
  • To determine if high fructose consumption is an independent risk factor for elevated BP.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2003-2006.
  • Included 4528 US adults without a history of hypertension.
  • Adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, physical activity, total kilocalories, and dietary factors (carbohydrates, alcohol, salt, vitamin C).

Main Results:

  • Median fructose intake was 74 g/day, equivalent to 2.5 sugary soft drinks.
  • Fructose intake >= 74 g/day was independently and significantly associated with higher odds of elevated BP.
  • This intake level increased the risk of BP > or = 135/85 mmHg by 26%, > or = 140/90 mmHg by 30%, and > or = 160/100 mmHg by 77%.

Conclusions:

  • High fructose intake from added sugars independently associates with higher BP levels in US adults without prior hypertension.
  • These findings suggest a significant role for added sugars in the development of elevated blood pressure.
  • Reducing intake of added sugars may be a strategy for hypertension prevention.