[Issues about the implementation of the guideline <>]

to assess the feasibility in clinical practice of the recommendations included in the guideline <>.

a prevalence study on clinical behaviour concerning drug prescription and hospitalization. Behaviours will be reassessed after a short follow-up (5 days).

general practitioners and paediatricians have been enrolled, who will refer about the clinical behaviours adopted toward a series of consecutively enrolled patients with influenza-like syndrome.

compliance to the recommendations has been assessed, through the proportion of patients prescribed antibiotics, and anti-inflammatory/antipyretic and antiviral drugs. The use of diagnostic tests and the number of hospitalizations have been also assessed.

clinicians, according to the recommendations included in the guideline, rarely use antiviral drugs and quick diagnostic tests, and mainly prescribe paracetamol for the treatment of pain and fever. On the other hand, they still prescribe antibiotics to more than 30% of patients on the basis of reasons not discussed in the guideline, and sometimes sustainable, even if they are not recommended. The lack of effectiveness of the recommendation concerning the use of antibiotics in guiding clinicians' behaviour, emerges particularly in two specific scenarios: the presence of comorbidities in elderly patients and the persistency of fever in children.

the use of antibiotics in course of influenza-like syndrome is not necessarily inappropriate, and should be further investigated. Some specific characteristics shown by patients are relevant for frequency and severity, and could be interpreted as effect modifiers. Therefore recommendations should take into consideration such subgroups.