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Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...

Oogenesis

Oogenesis

Oogenesis, the process of developing egg cells (female gametes), occurs within the ovaries and is fundamental to female fertility. This sequence begins during fetal development when diploid oogonia in the developing ovaries undergo mitotic divisions to produce primary oocytes. By birth, these primary oocytes enter prophase I of meiosis but become arrested in this stage, remaining suspended until puberty.
Each primary oocyte is surrounded by a layer of pre-granulosa cells, forming what is known...

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle length...

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Preservation of ovarian function.

R Fabbri¹, G Pasquinelli, V Magnani

¹Human Reproductive Medicine Unit, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, S.Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. raffaella.fabbri@unibo.it

Minerva Ginecologica

|July 3, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer treatments can cause infertility. Fertility preservation options like embryo, oocyte, or ovarian tissue cryopreservation offer hope for young women and girls facing fertility loss.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Published on: March 25, 2021

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Z-Scores for Assessing Ovarian Reserve in Young Patients Undergoing Fertility Preservation

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Oncology
Cryobiology

Background:

Cancer survival rates have improved due to advances in diagnosis and treatment.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy can cause ovarian damage, leading to premature ovarian failure and infertility.
Fertility preservation is crucial for cancer patients desiring future biological children.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the available fertility preservation techniques for cancer patients.
To discuss the factors influencing the choice of fertility preservation method.
To highlight the role of reproductive technologies in maintaining fertility.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on fertility preservation in cancer patients.
Analysis of different cryopreservation methods: embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue.
Discussion of patient-specific factors influencing treatment decisions.

Main Results:

Embryo cryopreservation, oocyte cryopreservation, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation are viable options.
The selection of the optimal method depends on cancer treatment type/timing, disease specifics, and patient age.
Reproductive technologies enable fertility preservation for various patient groups.

Conclusions:

Fertility preservation is a critical aspect of comprehensive cancer care.
Multiple cryopreservation strategies exist, requiring personalized patient selection.
Advances in reproductive technology offer significant hope for maintaining fertility in at-risk individuals.