Spontaneous cord transection due to invasive aspergillus spondylitis in an immunocompetent child

Invasive spinal aspergillosis in an immunocompetent child is rare and often there is a considerable delay in diagnosis. A 13-year-old male child treated medically as tuberculosis of spine elsewhere for 1 year, came with complete paraplegia, dorsolumbar kyphosis and intermittently discharging sinus in the back. The child was taken up for surgical decompression and stabilization. Intraoperatively black granulomatous material was noted inside the canal extending anteriorly towards the vertebral body. There was complete cord transection with severe vertebral destruction and osteoporosis. The pathology and microbiology confirmed aspergillosis and the child was started on antifungal treatment. At further follow up, the infection was found to spread to the lung and caused further vertebral destruction. A change in the antifungal medication controlled further spread but failed to eradicate the infection at 2-year follow-up. In this patient, the delay led to extensive vertebral destruction with spine deformity and spontaneous cord transection. Retrospective review of the clinical and radiological findings suggests that this complication could have been prevented if these findings were carefully interpreted. In this era of transplantation and increase in use of immunosuppressive drugs the authors suggests having fungal infection as a differential diagnosis for infections of the spine.