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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
Published on: June 8, 2022
Toll-like receptors and lupus nephritis
Fabrizio Conti1, Francesca Romana Spinelli, Cristiano Alessandri
1Dipartimento di Clinica e Terapia Medica, Sezione di Reumatologia|, Sapienza Università di Roma, V.le del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy. fabrizioconti@fastewebmail.it
Abstract:
A variety of immune mechanisms, both humoral and cellular, are involved in the onset and amplification of the inflammatory response in lupus nephritis (LN). Accumulating evidence substantiates the view that innate immunity pathways may also amplify inflammatory reactions within the kidneys. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential modulators of the innate immune response thanks to their ability to rocognize conserved molecular patterns that are microbe specific and other danger signals. Their recognition of endogenous molecules released from injured cells may also contribute to renal inflammation. Studies conducted in vivo and in vitro provide experimental evidence for the functional role of TLRs in LN. Intriguingly, these data suggest that pharmacological TLR signal suppression could be a useful approach to the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.
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