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Updated: Jun 11, 2026
State of the Art Cranial Ultrasound Imaging in Neonates
Published on: February 2, 2015
Non-invasive imaging of intracranial pediatric vascular lesions
Thierry A G M Huisman1, Samata Singhi, Pedro S Pinto
1Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital-Baltimore, 600 North Wolfe Street, Nelson Basement, B-173, Baltimore, MD 21287-0842, USA. thuisma1@jhmi.edu
Insights
This review highlights non-invasive imaging for pediatric vascular brain conditions. Understanding these neuroimaging features is key for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of pediatric cerebrovascular diseases.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurology
- Neuroradiology
- Vascular Imaging
Background:
- Pediatric intracranial vascular disorders require accurate and timely diagnosis.
- Non-invasive imaging modalities are crucial for evaluating these conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review non-invasive imaging techniques for pediatric vascular pathologies.
- To describe the characteristic imaging features of these conditions in children.
Main Methods:
- Discussion of ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Presentation of CT angiography and MR angiography.
- Inclusion of functional MRI sequences like diffusion, perfusion, and susceptibility-weighted imaging.
Main Results:
- Imaging features of pediatric ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysms, cavernomas, developmental venous anomalies, and arteriovenous malformations are detailed.
- The utility of various non-invasive angiographic and functional MRI techniques is explored.
Conclusions:
- Neurovascular imaging is central to the diagnosis of pediatric intracranial vascular disorders.
- Knowledge of angioarchitecture and hemodynamic impact is essential for treatment guidance and outcome prediction.
Objectives:
The goal of this review is to discuss the different non-invasive imaging techniques as well as the age-specific pediatric vascular pathologies and their imaging features.
Material And Methods:
Ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging features of pediatric ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, aneurysms, cavernomas, developmental venous anomalies, and arteriovenous malformations are presented. In addition, multiple non-invasive angiographic techniques (CT and MR angiography) and functional MRI sequences (diffusion, perfusion, and susceptibility-weighted imaging) are discussed.
Conclusion:
Neurovascular imaging plays a central role in the early, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of pediatric intracranial vascular disorders. A detailed knowledge of the quality and exact angioarchitecture of pediatric vascular pathologies as well as their impact on the cerebral hemo-dynamics is essential to guide and monitor treatment options and to predict functional outcome.
