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Synthesis of new DNA molecules starts when DNA polymerase links nucleotides together in a sequence that is complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity for the correct base to ensure fidelity in DNA replication. The DNA polymerase furthermore proofreads during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.Errors during Replication Are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase EnzymeGenomic DNA is synthesized in...

Proofreading

Proofreading

Synthesis of new DNA molecules is carried out by the enzyme DNA polymerase, which adds nucleotides on the daughter strand complementary to the template DNA strand. DNA polymerase has a higher affinity to add the correct base and ensures fidelity during DNA replication. Furthermore, it exhibits proofreading activity during replication, using an exonuclease domain that cuts off incorrect nucleotides from the nascent DNA strand.
Errors During Replication are Corrected by the DNA Polymerase Enzyme

Proofreading

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Humor or Rationality? The Neural Mechanisms of How Agent Type and Language Style Influence Satisfaction with Ride-Hailing Service Failure Recovery

Humor or Rationality? The Neural Mechanisms of How Agent Type and Language Style Influence Satisfaction with Ride-Hailing Service Failure Recovery

Published on: March 13, 2026

The on-line processing of written irony.

Ruth Filik¹, Linda M Moxey

¹School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK. ruth.filik@nottingham.ac.uk

|July 6, 2010

Summary

This study used eye-tracking to show that understanding written irony requires extra cognitive processing. Both literal and ironic meanings are accessed when reading ironic statements.

Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Psychology
Computational Linguistics

Background:

Understanding written irony presents a challenge for language comprehension.
Previous research has explored the cognitive mechanisms underlying irony processing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the on-line processing of written irony using eye-tracking.
To examine how readers access and represent both literal and ironic interpretations of ironic statements.

Main Methods:

An eye-tracking experiment was conducted where participants read sentences designed to be ironic or non-ironic.
Eye movements were recorded as participants read target phrases and subsequent text containing pronominal reference.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Humor or Rationality? The Neural Mechanisms of How Agent Type and Language Style Influence Satisfaction with Ride-Hailing Service Failure Recovery

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Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

Longer reading times were observed for ironic comments compared to non-ironic ones, indicating increased processing load.
Reading times for subsequent pronominal reference suggested that both literal and ironic interpretations were equally accessible during on-line comprehension of ironic materials.

Conclusions:

The findings support the graded salience hypothesis and retention hypothesis.
Readers appear to represent both literal and ironic interpretations of an utterance simultaneously during comprehension.