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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as a...
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Borderline Personality Disorder01:25

Borderline Personality Disorder

Borderline Personality Disorder is a complex and multifaceted mental health condition characterized by pervasive instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, emotions, and impulse control. This instability manifests in extreme emotional reactions, fear of abandonment, and self-destructive behaviors. The disorder significantly impacts daily functioning, often leading to distress in both personal and professional domains.
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Borderline Personality...
Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Published on: August 18, 2020

Differences in white matter abnormalities between bipolar I and II disorders.

Jia-Xiu Liu1, Yong-Sheng Chen, Jen-Chuen Hsieh

  • 1Department of Computer Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Journal of Affective Disorders
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Bipolar I and II disorders show distinct brain fiber abnormalities. Bipolar I is linked to cognitive issues, while Bipolar II involves cognitive and emotional processing differences, identified via diffusion tensor imaging.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Bipolar I and II disorders present with varied clinical and cognitive profiles.
  • Distinct neural substrates underlying these subtypes remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate white matter fiber abnormalities between bipolar I and II patients.
  • To investigate the neural underpinnings of subtype differences using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 14 bipolar I patients, 13 bipolar II patients, and 21 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed fractional anisotropy (FA) values from DTI data using voxel-wise two-sample t-tests.
  • Correlated FA values with clinical characteristics and neuropsychological test scores.

Main Results:

  • Both subtypes showed fiber impairments in the thalamus, anterior cingulate, and inferior frontal areas.
  • Bipolar II patients exhibited additional fiber alterations in temporal and inferior prefrontal regions.
  • FA values in specific brain areas correlated with working memory, executive function, and mood symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest distinct neuropathological substrates for bipolar I and II subtypes.
  • Bipolar I fiber alterations are primarily associated with cognitive dysfunction.
  • Bipolar II fiber alterations relate to both cognitive and emotional processing deficits.