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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

Generating Acute and Chronic Experimental Models of Motor Tic Expression in Rats

Published on: May 27, 2021

Behavioral interventions for tic disorders.

Shana A Franklin¹, Michael R Walther, Douglas W Woods

¹Psychology Department, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 224 Garland Hall, 2441 East Hartford Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.

The Psychiatric Clinics of North America

|July 6, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nonpharmacological treatments offer effective options for managing tic symptoms in Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Habit reversal training and cognitive behavior therapy show particular promise alongside traditional medication.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Tourette syndrome and tic disorders present complex management challenges.
Pharmacological interventions are common but have limitations.
Nonpharmacological approaches have gained prominence over the last 30 years.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize the evidence for various nonpharmacological treatments for tic disorders.
To evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of emerging behavioral interventions.
To provide recommendations for future research and clinical practice.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and synthesis of existing literature on nonpharmacological tic disorder treatments.
Description of seven key nonpharmacological interventions: massed practice, relaxation training, self-monitoring, function-based/contingency management, habit reversal training, exposure and response prevention, and cognitive behavior therapy.
Evaluation of the supporting evidence for each treatment modality.

Main Results:

Nonpharmacological treatments, including habit reversal training and cognitive behavior therapy, demonstrate significant efficacy in managing tic symptoms.
These behavioral interventions offer valuable alternatives or adjuncts to pharmacological treatments.
Evidence supports the usefulness of various procedures, with varying degrees of empirical support.

Conclusions:

Nonpharmacological treatments are effective and essential components in the comprehensive management of tic disorders.
Further research is recommended to refine existing therapies and explore new interventions.
Clinicians should consider a range of behavioral strategies tailored to individual patient needs.