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Updated: Jun 11, 2026
Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats
Published on: August 5, 2011
Embryo cryopreservation: proposal for a new indicator of efficiency
Marie Prades1, Jean-Louis Golmard, Benoit Schubert
1Reproductive Biology Unit, University Hospital, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France. marieprades@yahoo.fr
Objective:
To determine whether "pregnancy rate (PR) per thawed embryo," accounting for embryo losses, is more relevant than "PR per ET," generally used in the literature for expressing embryo cryopreservation results.
Design:
Systematic review.
Setting:
University teaching hospital.
Patient(S):
None.
Intervention(S):
Analysis of reports from January 1983 to February 2009 involving thawing of human cryopreserved embryos. Of the 1,275 articles that were initially identified, 102 met the inclusion criteria.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Comparisons between PR per ET and PR per thawed embryo, contribution of embryo loss to PR.
Result(S):
Overall PR, expressed per ET and per thawed embryo, was compared according to the different freezing speeds and cryoprotectants used. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences for four comparisons with one approach to expressing results, not identified with the other. All other statistical analyses gave similar results whichever way the results were expressed. The rate of thawed transferred embryos, a measure accounting for embryo losses, is a good prognostic factor for PR.
Conclusion(S):
Statistical analysis accounting for embryo losses can give results different from those published in the literature. Consequently, the clinical PR per thawed embryo may be a more informative measure for accurate analysis of practices.
