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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
Gross Anatomy of Bone01:17

Gross Anatomy of Bone

The two main features of a long bone are the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The walls of the diaphysis are composed of dense and hard compact bone made of numerous osteons — the functional unit of the compact bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which harbors the bone marrow. In infants and children, this marrow cavity is filled with red marrow, whereas in adults, it...
The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue01:23

Bone as Supporting Connective Tissue

Bone tissue forms the internal skeleton of vertebrate animals, providing structure to the body.
Bone Matrix
Bone, or osseous tissue, is a connective tissue that has a large amount of two different types of matrix material. The organic matrix is similar to the matrix material found in other connective tissues, including some amount of collagen and elastic fibers. This gives strength and flexibility to the tissue. The inorganic matrix consists of mineral salts— mostly calcium salts— that give the...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation
07:17

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Published on: April 14, 2016

The bone and the kidney.

Sandro Mazzaferro1, Marzia Pasquali, Giuliana Pirrò

  • 1Department of Clinical Science, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy. sandro.mazzaferro@uniroma1.it

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone and kidney diseases are linked through a newly identified bone-kidney axis. This axis involves fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho, crucial for mineral homeostasis and bone health.

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Whole Kidney, Medulla, and Cortical Tubules in Diabetic Pathogenesis of Kidney Injury in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Renal tubular diseases can cause bone disorders like osteopenia and osteoporosis due to electrolyte imbalances.
  • Renal failure can lead to renal osteodystrophy from insufficient calcitriol synthesis.
  • Emerging evidence suggests fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and Klotho play roles in bone-kidney communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the reciprocal communication between bone and kidney.
  • To highlight the significance of the newly discovered bone-kidney axis.
  • To understand the roles of FGF23 and Klotho in mineral homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on renal osteodystrophy and mineral metabolism.
  • Analysis of the roles of FGF23 and Klotho in bone and kidney function.
  • Examination of feedback mechanisms between FGF23, calcitriol, and Klotho.

Main Results:

  • Osteocytes produce FGF23, a hormone that influences renal calcitriol synthesis, indicating bone impacts kidney function.
  • A feedback loop exists between FGF23 and calcitriol, with kidney-derived Klotho regulating FGF23 activity.
  • Human diseases linked to FGF23 and Klotho dysfunction underscore the importance of this bone-kidney axis.

Conclusions:

  • The bone-kidney axis, mediated by FGF23 and Klotho, is critical for regulating divalent ion homeostasis.
  • This axis is essential for proper osseous and extraosseous mineralization processes.
  • Understanding this communication pathway is vital for managing bone and kidney diseases.