Saliency in a suppressed image affects the spatial origin of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry

During binocular rivalry, perception alternates between dichoptically presented incompatible images. With larger images, such perceptual alternations will typically start locally and then gradually spread across the image, known as traveling waves of perceptual dominance. Several image-features (such as local contrast) are known to determine where in the image a traveling wave originates. Here we investigate whether orientation contrast in the suppressed image affects these spatial origin(s) of perceptual alternations. The results show that the origins are increasingly biased towards locations of increasing orientation contrast in the suppressed image. This increase in bias is related to the efficiency of visual search for the orientation contrast, tested offline: we find large biases towards orientation contrast when visual search for it is efficient, and small biases when search for it is inefficient. Our results imply that rivalry suppression is not homogenous across the suppressed image, but is dependent on local image-features in the suppressed image. The relation between spatial bias and visual search performance suggests that spatial origins of perceptual alternations are biased to salient locations in the suppressed image. Moreover, the finding that saliency affects the spatial origin of a perceptual alternation is in agreement with the idea that saliency is represented at a monocular, unconscious level of visual processing.