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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

Human-chimpanzee promoter comparisons: property-conserved evolution?

Igor V Deyneko1, Yulia M Kalybaeva, Alexander E Kel

  • 1Department of Genome Analysis, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, Braunschweig, Germany. ide@helmholtz-hzi.de

Genomics
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Comparative genome analysis reveals that DNA melting enthalpy, a key physical property, is conserved in human and chimpanzee promoters despite nucleotide changes. This suggests a novel mechanism for gene regulation during evolution.

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Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster
08:19

Quantitative Comparison of cis-Regulatory Element (CRE) Activities in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: December 19, 2011

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Identifying functional genomic elements is crucial for biomedical research.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of genomes aids in understanding evolutionary changes.
  • Traditional methods focus on nucleotide mismatches, which have limitations for closely related species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare DNA sequences of closely related species, specifically humans and chimpanzees.
  • To investigate evolutionary changes by quantifying alterations in physical DNA properties, such as melting enthalpy.
  • To explore novel features of gene regulation beyond simple nucleotide conservation.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative sequence analysis of human and chimpanzee genomes.
  • Evaluation of changes in DNA melting enthalpy as a measure of mutation impact.
  • Analysis of nucleotide mismatches and their correlation with conserved DNA properties.

Main Results:

  • Nucleotide mismatches in promoter regions between humans and chimpanzees appear to be introduced in a correlated manner.
  • The DNA property 'melting enthalpy' was largely retained in promoters despite sequence variations.
  • This conservation of physical properties differs significantly from simple nucleotide conservation.

Conclusions:

  • Promoter property conservation, specifically melting enthalpy, represents a novel feature in gene regulation.
  • This finding suggests a new perspective on evolutionary conservation beyond sequence identity.
  • Positional and functional biases observed in property conservation warrant further investigation into regulatory mechanisms.