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Novel Object Recognition Test for the Investigation of Learning and Memory in Mice
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BDNF expression in perirhinal cortex is associated with exercise-induced improvement in object recognition memory.

Michael E Hopkins1, David J Bucci

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Regular exercise enhances object recognition memory in rats, correlating with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the perirhinal cortex. These cognitive benefits and BDNF changes diminish after inactivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Biology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Physical exercise is known to improve cognitive functions like learning and memory.
  • Research has primarily linked exercise-induced cognitive benefits to the hippocampus and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
  • Exercise also exhibits anxiolytic effects and alters stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of exercise on object recognition memory, a non-hippocampal dependent task.
  • To explore the relationship between BDNF levels in the perirhinal cortex and object recognition memory.
  • To examine the persistence of cognitive improvements and their neural correlates after exercise cessation.

Main Methods:

  • Male Long Evans rats underwent a 4-week voluntary exercise regimen every other day.
  • Cognitive performance was assessed using a novel object recognition task.
  • Anxiety-like behavior was measured with the elevated plus maze.
  • BDNF expression in the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Four weeks of exercise significantly improved object recognition memory.
  • Perirhinal cortex BDNF levels were strongly correlated with object recognition performance in exercising rats.
  • Exercise reduced anxiety-like behavior, but this was not directly related to object recognition performance.
  • Cognitive improvements and the perirhinal BDNF correlation were not sustained after 2 weeks of inactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise-induced improvements in non-spatial memory are associated with region-specific BDNF changes in the perirhinal cortex, extending beyond the hippocampus.
  • The cognitive and anxiolytic effects of exercise may be mediated by distinct mechanisms.
  • The benefits of exercise on object recognition memory are transient and dependent on continued physical activity.