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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...

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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Published on: November 26, 2018

Can controlled cellular reprogramming be achieved using microRNAs?

Xiaoyan Sun1, Xiaobing Fu, Weidong Han

  • 1Wound Healing and Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Science, Trauma Center of Postgraduate Medical School, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fu Xing Road, Beijing 100853, PR China.

Ageing Research Reviews
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs offer a safer, DNA-free method for creating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This approach avoids viral delivery risks and holds potential for controlled cell fate conversion in regenerative medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer potential for autologous regenerative medicine.
  • Current iPSC generation methods face limitations, including viral DNA delivery and exogenous gene overexpression.
  • Safer and more efficient reprogramming strategies are crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in cellular reprogramming techniques.
  • To explore the feasibility of microRNA-based strategies for iPSC generation.
  • To discuss the role of microRNAs in controlled cell fate conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cellular reprogramming and microRNA function.
  • Focus on microRNA-mediated reprogramming as an alternative to viral and DNA-based methods.
  • Analysis of microRNA roles in pluripotency maintenance and cell-lineage specification.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNA-based strategies can reprogram somatic cells into iPSCs without viral or DNA introduction.
  • This approach mitigates risks associated with traditional reprogramming techniques.
  • MicroRNAs are critical for maintaining pluripotency and regulating epigenetic modifications.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-based reprogramming presents a safer and more efficient alternative for iPSC generation.
  • MicroRNAs show promise for controlled cellular reprogramming and cell fate conversion.
  • Further research into microRNAs will enhance understanding of reprogramming mechanisms for regenerative medicine.