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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by transmural...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The disease course is marked...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Inflammatory bowel disease aggregation in Utah kindreds.

Stephen L Guthery1, Geraldine Mineau, Richard Pimentel

  • 1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine and Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84113, USA. Stephen.Guthery@hsc.utah.edu

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
|July 6, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified high-risk families with excess inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) cases, suggesting genetic factors contribute to "missing heritability." This study highlights the importance of studying familial IBD clusters for future genetic discoveries.

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Published on: October 14, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains incompletely understood, with known risk factors explaining only a fraction of its heritability.
  • Kindred-specific genetic variants are hypothesized to contribute to the 'missing heritability' in IBD.
  • Identifying high-risk families is crucial for uncovering novel genetic contributors to IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify kindreds with a statistically significant excess of IBD cases.
  • To characterize the familial risk of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) within these kindreds.
  • To validate the Utah Population Database (UPDB) as a resource for IBD family studies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Utah Population Database (UPDB), integrating genealogical and healthcare data.
  • Identified CD and UC cases using ICD-9 codes.
  • Calculated adjusted relative risks and familial standardized incidence ratios (FSIR) to quantify familial disease risk.

Main Results:

  • Identified 655 CD and 615 UC kindreds with a statistical excess of disease.
  • Observed significant familial risk elevation for first-degree relatives, second-degree relatives, and first cousins for CD, UC, and IBD.
  • Some kindreds exhibited up to a 20-fold increased risk for IBD.
  • Population attributable risks for familial CD, UC, and IBD were 20%, 17%, and 19%, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple kindreds with a significant excess of CD, UC, and IBD were identified.
  • The UPDB is validated as a valuable resource for family-based IBD research.
  • Further investigation of these high-risk kindreds is warranted to advance genetic mapping strategies for IBD.