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Related Concept Videos

Stress01:20

Stress

6.0K
When a force is applied on a body, it undergoes deformation. In order to restore the body to its original shape and/or size, an opposite or restoring force is generated within the body. This restoring force is equal to the magnitude of the applied force, but acts in the opposite direction. The amount of this restoring force developed per unit area of the body is called stress. Stress is a tensor quantity and has the SI unit pascal. Stress can be separated into four broad categories depending...
6.0K
Applications of Stress01:04

Applications of Stress

855
Consider a structure made of a boom and a rod designed to support a load. These two components are connected by a pin and stabilized by brackets and pins. The boom and the rod are detached from their supports to assess the different stresses imposed on this structure, and a free-body diagram is drawn. Then, all the forces applied, including the load acting on the structure, are identified. The reaction forces exerted on both the boom and the rod are computed using the equilibrium equations.
The...
855
Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

674
Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
674
Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

834
Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
834
Stress Concentrations01:13

Stress Concentrations

813
The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...
813
General State of Stress01:21

General State of Stress

917
The general state of stress within a material can be accurately depicted using a stress tensor. This tensor encapsulates the internal forces distributed within a material subjected to external forces or deformations.
Specifically, consider a tetrahedral element where one face, labeled XYZ, is perpendicular to the line OA, and the remaining faces align with the coordinate axes with point O as the origin. At any point, such as point O, the stress tensor can be used to determine the stress...
917

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The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
09:39

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

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Enriching stress research.

Laurent Kappeler1, Michael J Meaney

  • 1Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal H4H 1R3, Canada.

Cell
|July 7, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental enrichment suppresses tumor growth in mice. This occurs via the hypothalamus-sympathetic nervous system axis, which reduces leptin levels in white fat tissue.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Environmental enrichment is recognized for its positive effects on physical and mental health in both rodents and humans.
  • Previous research has established the benefits of enriched environments on overall well-being.

Discussion:

  • Cao et al. (2010) demonstrate that environmental enrichment significantly suppresses tumor growth in mice.
  • This anti-tumor effect is mediated by the stimulation of the hypothalamus.
  • The hypothalamus, in turn, influences the sympathetic nervous system.

Key Insights:

  • Environmental enrichment promotes the production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hypothalamus.
  • BDNF signaling reduces leptin production in white adipose tissue.
  • Reduced leptin levels are associated with suppressed tumor growth.

Outlook:

  • This study highlights a novel mechanism linking environmental factors to cancer suppression.
  • Further research could explore therapeutic strategies based on environmental enrichment for cancer patients.
  • Investigating the precise molecular pathways of BDNF and leptin in tumor suppression is warranted.