Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
Fixed-dose regimens can be used for various routes of administration, including intravenous (IV) injections and oral medications. For IV administration, a predetermined amount of the drug is...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pre-transplant azacitidine does not improve survival in allogeneic HSCT for higher-risk MDS.

Bone marrow transplantation·2026

Same author

Influence of intrinsic spin ordering in La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> and Ba<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.8</sub>Fe<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub> towards electrocatalysis of oxygen redox reaction in solid oxide cell.

RSC advances·2024

Same author

Supramolecular Arrangement and DFT analysis of Zinc(II) Schiff Bases: An Insight towards the Influence of Compartmental Ligands on Binding Interaction with Protein.

ChemistryOpen·2022

Same author

Isostructural cocrystals of metaxalone with improved dissolution characteristics.

RSC advances·2022

Same author

Synthetic strategies toward 1,3-oxathiolane nucleoside analogues.

Beilstein journal of organic chemistry·2021

Same author

Phase composition and morphological characterization of human kidney stones using IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray Rietveld analysis.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2018

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Lamivudine hemihydrate.

Abir Bhattacharya¹, Bhairab Nath Roy, Girij Pal Singh

¹Department of Physics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700 032, India.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Crystal Structure Communications

|July 7, 2010

Summary

A novel lamivudine hydrate hemihydrate was synthesized and structurally characterized. Its crystal structure reveals a unique 3D supramolecular architecture formed by extensive hydrogen bonding.

More Related Videos

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Solid-state chemistry
Pharmaceutical science

Background:

Lamivudine is a key antiviral medication.
Understanding different hydrated forms is crucial for drug formulation.
Previous studies have characterized anhydrous and other hydrated forms of lamivudine.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize a new lamivudine hydrate hemihydrate.
To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions.
To compare the structural features with known lamivudine forms.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of cis-4-amino-1-(2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one hemihydrate.
Powder X-ray diffraction studies.
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Main Results:

The new hemihydrate crystallizes in the P2(1) space group.
The asymmetric unit contains four lamivudine molecules and two water molecules.
An extensive 3D hydrogen bond network was observed, involving lamivudine and water molecules.

Conclusions:

A novel lamivudine hydrate hemihydrate has been successfully synthesized and characterized.
The crystal structure provides insights into the supramolecular assembly.
This study contributes to understanding the solid-state properties of lamivudine.