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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay01:33

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen.  Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Simultaneous Detection of Different Antibody Classes in a Multiplexed Serological Test
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International Standard for Antistreptolysin-O.

J Spaun, M W Bentzon, S O Larsen

    Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    |July 7, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary

    A new International Standard for Antistreptolysin-O was established by the WHO. This standard, derived from patients with streptococcal infection, ensures accurate antistreptolysin-O testing globally.

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Microbiology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Streptococcal infections pose a significant public health concern.
    • Accurate measurement of antistreptolysin-O (ASO) is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring streptococcal diseases.
    • Standardization of ASO assays is essential for reliable and comparable results across different laboratories.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To establish an International Standard for Antistreptolysin-O.
    • To validate the proposed standard through a collaborative study involving multiple international laboratories.
    • To define the International Unit (IU) for Antistreptolysin-O.

    Main Methods:

    • A freeze-dried serum pool from patients with streptococcal infection was prepared.
    • Twelve laboratories in eleven countries participated in a collaborative study.

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  • Laboratories performed ASO titrations using their own and a common streptolysin-O preparation, comparing results with the proposed international standard.

    • Main Results:

    • The proposed serum pool was successfully established as the International Standard for Antistreptolysin-O by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization.
    • Good agreement was observed among majority of laboratories, especially when using the same streptolysin-O preparation.
    • Variations in results were partly attributed to the use of unsuitable streptolysin reagents.

    Conclusions:

    • The established International Standard for Antistreptolysin-O provides a reliable reference for ASO testing.
    • The International Unit of Antistreptolysin-O was defined as the activity in 0.0213 mg of the International Standard.
    • Standardization enhances the accuracy and comparability of ASO measurements worldwide, aiding in the diagnosis and management of streptococcal infections.