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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus by Ribosomal Spacer PCR (RS-PCR)

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Published on: November 4, 2016

Phage typing of staphylococci.

J E Blair, R E Williams

Bulletin of the World Health Organization

|July 7, 2010

Summary

Standardized phage typing methods for staphylococci ensure reliable results across laboratories. This guide details phage propagation, stability testing, and typing techniques for accurate bacterial identification and epidemiological surveillance.

Area of Science:

Microbiology
Bacteriology
Epidemiology

Background:

Phage typing is crucial for differentiating Staphylococcus strains.
Inconsistent methods hinder inter-laboratory comparisons and epidemiological surveillance.
Standardization is needed for reliable and reproducible phage typing results.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide standardized methods for phage typing of staphylococci.
To ensure reliability and comparability of phage typing results globally.
To detail procedures for phage propagation, stability testing, and strain identification.

Main Methods:

Detailed protocols for propagating typing bacteriophages.
A standard routine for verifying the stability of phage preparations.

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Multiplex PCR Assay for Typing of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Mec Types I to V in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Recommended techniques for determining the phage type of staphylococcal isolates.

Guidelines for interpreting phage typing results and strain differentiation.

Main Results:

Established satisfactory methods for phage propagation.
Defined a standard testing routine for phage preparation stability.
Outlined recommended methods for staphylococcal phage typing.
Discussed the interpretation of phage type differences.

Conclusions:

Standardized phage typing methods are essential for reliable Staphylococcus strain identification.
Adherence to defined protocols ensures comparability of results between laboratories.
Close collaboration between epidemiologists and laboratory workers is vital for effective use of phage typing.