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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

Acute left ventricular dysfunction in the critically ill.

Anand Chockalingam1, Ankit Mehra, Smrita Dorairajan

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, MO, USA. chockalingama@health.missouri.edu

Chest
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Acute left ventricular dysfunction is common in critical care, affecting the elderly and those with comorbidities. Early diagnosis of conditions like stress cardiomyopathy is crucial for timely treatment and improved outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs
08:19

Transthoracic Echocardiography to Assess Post-Resuscitation Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest in Pigs

Published on: July 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Management

Background:

  • Acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is prevalent in critical care, particularly in elderly patients and those with comorbidities.
  • While acute coronary syndrome is a primary consideration, stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy may be underrecognized in ICUs.
  • LV dysfunction in critically ill patients can stem from sepsis, inflammatory mediators, endotoxins, catecholamine toxicity, tachycardia, hypertension, and metabolic abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the prevalence and diverse causes of acute left ventricular dysfunction in the critical care setting.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis for managing complications such as outflow tract obstruction, heart failure, and arrhythmias.
  • To discuss the role of diagnostic tools and biomarkers in assessing and managing LV dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentations and etiologies of acute LV dysfunction in critical care.
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities including echocardiography and cardiac biomarkers (e.g., troponin).
  • Analysis of potential causes including acute coronary syndrome, stress cardiomyopathy, sepsis, and other systemic insults.

Main Results:

  • Acute LV dysfunction is associated with increased mortality but can improve with prompt intervention.
  • Stress cardiomyopathy variants may be more common in ICUs than previously thought.
  • Echocardiography is essential for quantifying LV dysfunction and identifying its cause.
  • Biomarkers like troponin aid in early cardiac injury detection and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition and diagnosis of acute LV dysfunction are critical for optimizing patient outcomes in the ICU.
  • Addressing precipitating factors and specific complications of conditions like stress cardiomyopathy can lead to significant improvement.
  • While LV dysfunction indicates a worse prognosis, appropriate therapeutic strategies can optimize outcomes.