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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
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Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase01:27

Pharmacogenetics of Phase II Enzymes: N-acetyltransferase, Thiopurine S-methyltransferase, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Phase II biotransformation reactions are essential for detoxifying and eliminating xenobiotics, including many pharmaceutical compounds. These reactions typically involve conjugation, the covalent attachment of polar endogenous groups such as glucuronic acid, sulfate, methyl, or acetyl moieties to functional groups introduced during Phase I metabolism. The resulting conjugates are more water-soluble, enabling efficient renal or biliary excretion.The major classes of Phase II enzymes include...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
11:06

Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro

Published on: January 31, 2022

[Toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori].

Sang Hoon Bae1, Dong Hyun Kim, Young Seok Bae

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Good Samsun Hospital, Korea. baesh96@hanmail.net

The Korean Journal of Hepatology
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Herbal remedies like Ho-Shou-Wu can cause toxic hepatitis, a serious liver condition. This case highlights the importance of considering supplements when diagnosing acute hepatitis.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Toxicology
  • Integrative Medicine

Background:

  • Toxic hepatitis is a significant cause of acute liver injury.
  • The role of herbal remedies and health foods in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is often underestimated.
  • Polygoni multiflori (Ho-Shou-Wu) is a traditional Chinese herb with potential hepatotoxic effects.

Observation:

  • A 54-year-old woman developed toxic hepatitis after consuming Ho-Shou-Wu for one month.
  • Symptoms included fatigue and weakness, with diagnosis confirmed by clinical history, laboratory data, and ultrasonography.
  • Liver function improved upon discontinuation of Ho-Shou-Wu but rapidly worsened upon re-consumption.

Findings:

  • The patient's clinical presentation and the herb's withdrawal and re-challenge strongly suggest Polygoni multiflori as the causative agent of toxic hepatitis.
  • The case demonstrates a clear correlation between Ho-Shou-Wu intake and the onset and recurrence of liver injury.
  • Koch's postulates were effectively satisfied, confirming the herb's role in the observed hepatitis.

Implications:

  • Highlights the potential hepatotoxicity of commonly used herbal products like Ho-Shou-Wu.
  • Emphasizes the need for increased clinical awareness and investigation of herbal remedies in cases of unexplained acute hepatitis.
  • Suggests that healthcare providers should inquire about supplement use in patients presenting with liver dysfunction.