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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and narrowing...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe
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Frontal Disconnection for Treating Mild Malformation of Cortical Development with Oligodendroglial Hyperplasia in Epilepsy (MOGHE) in the Frontal Lobe

Published on: August 16, 2024

Moyamoya disease in children.

David M Ibrahimi1, Rafael J Tamargo, Edward S Ahn

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Moyamoya disease, a rare cerebrovascular disorder, causes pediatric stroke. Surgical revascularization improves long-term outcomes for children diagnosed with this condition.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Vascular Neurology

Background:

  • Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular occlusive disorder.
  • It causes progressive stenosis of distal intracranial carotid arteries.
  • Untreated, it leads to neurological and cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease in children.
  • To highlight the importance of early intervention for pediatric stroke.
  • To inform clinicians about the unique presentation of moyamoya in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Distinguishing between idiopathic moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome.
  • Characterizing the typical pediatric presentation (ischemic events).
  • Reviewing current treatment strategies for pediatric moyamoya.

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Modeling Mitochondrial Disease Using Brain Organoids: A Focus on Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes
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Main Results:

  • Surgical revascularization is the primary treatment for moyamoya disease.
  • Both direct and indirect surgical techniques are employed.
  • Surgical intervention has demonstrated improved long-term outcomes in affected children.

Conclusions:

  • Moyamoya disease requires prompt diagnosis and management in pediatric patients.
  • Surgical revascularization is a crucial intervention for improving outcomes.
  • Understanding the specific pediatric presentation is key for effective treatment.