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Related Concept Videos

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...

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Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster
10:00

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Published on: January 7, 2013

Flies selected for longevity retain a young gene expression profile.

Pernille Sarup1, Peter Sørensen, Volker Loeschcke

  • 1Aarhus Centre for Environmental Stress Research (ACES), Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, Aarhus C, Denmark. pernille.sarup@biology.au.dk

Age (Dordrecht, Netherlands)
|July 8, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Longevity-selected flies show younger gene expression profiles, suggesting reduced immune activity (inflammaging) extends life span. Key genes linked to longevity were identified, offering new insights into aging pathways.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Aging Research
  • Drosophila melanogaster Biology

Background:

  • Investigating gene expression in longevity-selected fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) can reveal pathways influencing lifespan.
  • Understanding the genetic basis of aging is crucial for identifying interventions to extend healthspan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genes and pathways associated with extended lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster.
  • To explore the relationship between gene expression profiles, chronological age, physiological age, and longevity.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptome analysis of longevity-selected and control Drosophila melanogaster lines at different ages.
  • Differential gene expression analysis based on chronological and physiological age.
  • Identification of candidate genes for longevity through overlapping gene lists.

Main Results:

  • 530 genes showed differential expression between selected and control flies at the same chronological age.
  • Longevity-selected flies exhibited gene expression profiles resembling younger control flies.
  • Down-regulated immune genes in selected lines support the inflammaging hypothesis; 40 candidate genes for longevity were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Gene expression profiles in longevity-selected flies suggest a younger biological age.
  • Reduced immune system activity (inflammaging) may contribute to extended lifespan.
  • Identified candidate genes offer novel targets for understanding and potentially manipulating aging processes.