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Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Published on: March 11, 2016

Reduction of fluence to decrease pain during panretinal photocoagulation in diabetic patients.

Oscar Alvarez-Verduzco¹, Gerardo Garcia-Aguirre, Maria de Lourdes Lopez-Ramos

¹Retina Department, Hospital Dr. Luis Sanchez Bulnes, Coyoacan, México.

Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers & Imaging : the Official Journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye

|July 9, 2010

Summary

Reducing laser fluence during panretinal photocoagulation significantly decreases patient pain. Low fluence parameters (LFP) offer a viable option for pain management in this common ophthalmic procedure.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Published on: March 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Technology
Pain Management

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy necessitates panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).
PRP can cause significant patient discomfort and pain.
Current PRP protocols may lead to suboptimal patient experiences due to pain.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of reducing laser fluence in mitigating pain during PRP.
To compare pain perception between low fluence parameters (LFP) and standard fluence parameters (SFP) in PRP.

Main Methods:

Prospective, interventional, comparative study involving 25 patients (50 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy.
One eye treated with LFP, the contralateral eye with SFP for PRP.
Pain assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) post-treatment; fluence per burn and total fluence recorded.

Main Results:

Significantly lower pain perception (P < .01) with LFP compared to SFP.
Fluence per burn was also significantly reduced (P < .01) with LFP.
Pain intensity correlated positively with fluence per burn (R² = 0.4), not the number of burns.

Conclusions:

Low fluence parameters (LFP) represent a promising strategy to reduce pain during panretinal photocoagulation.
Adjusting laser parameters can improve patient comfort during PRP without compromising treatment efficacy.
Further research may explore optimal LFP settings for various ophthalmic conditions requiring PRP.