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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology
08:01

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology

Published on: March 22, 2012

Developing a vaccine against aspergillosis.

David A Stevens1, Karl V Clemons, Min Liu

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center and California Institute for Medical Research, 751 South Bascom Avenue, San Jose, CA 95128-2699, USA. stevens@stanford.edu

Medical Mycology
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Developing a panfungal vaccine is challenging but feasible. Heat-killed Saccharomyces (HKY) shows promise, suggesting protein-carbohydrate conjugate vaccines could protect against various fungal infections.

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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis

Published on: March 9, 2018

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Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis
09:52

Histological Quantification to Determine Lung Fungal Burden in Experimental Aspergillosis

Published on: March 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Vaccinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Developing effective fungal vaccines, especially for immunocompromised individuals, remains a significant challenge.
  • Invasive fungal infections like aspergillosis pose a serious threat.
  • Previous research explored fungal particulate forms, homogenates, and recombinant proteins for vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of heat-killed Saccharomyces (HKY) as a panfungal vaccine candidate.
  • To identify key protective components within the fungal cell wall for vaccine design.
  • To explore the development of a fungal-specific conjugate vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of subcutaneous heat-killed Saccharomyces (HKY) in animal models.
  • Assessment of vaccine efficacy against challenges from Aspergillus, Coccidioides, and Candida species.
  • Analysis of the fungal cell wall components (proteins, glucan, lipid, glycans) for immunoprotective properties.

Main Results:

  • Subcutaneous HKY demonstrated significant protective efficacy against multiple fungal pathogens.
  • Both protein and glycan components (mannan, glucan) of the HKY cell wall were found to provide substantial protection individually.
  • The study highlights the importance of glycosylated proteins and glycan-protein conjugates in fungal vaccine strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Heat-killed Saccharomyces (HKY) serves as a viable model for developing a panfungal vaccine.
  • Fungal cell wall glycans and proteins are crucial targets for inducing protective immunity.
  • A conjugate vaccine combining specific immunogenic proteins with optimally configured glycans represents a promising route toward a broad-spectrum fungal vaccine.