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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
Directionality of Nuclear Transport01:42

Directionality of Nuclear Transport

Ras-related nuclear protein or Ran is a small G protein that cycles between its GTP and GDP bound states. Ran specific regulators, a Ran GTPase Activating Protein or RanGAP present in the cytosol and a Ran guanine nucleotide exchange factor or RanGEF present inside the nucleus regulate GTP/GDP exchange. A high concentration of GTP inside the cells, in addition to this asymmetric distribution of  Ran-specific regulators, leads to a higher RanGTP concentration inside the nucleus. This...

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Published on: February 17, 2011

BRCA1 16 years later: nuclear import and export processes.

Marilyn E Thompson1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Belmont University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. marilyn.odom@belmont.edu

The FEBS Journal
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulated nuclear transport is crucial for tumor suppressors like Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA1). This review details BRCA1

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Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1
08:53

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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair
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gDNA Enrichment by a Transposase-based Technology for NGS Analysis of the Whole Sequence of BRCA1, BRCA2, and 9 Genes Involved in DNA Damage Repair

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Functional Assessment of BRCA1 variants using CRISPR-Mediated Base Editors

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Nuclear transport is essential for tumor suppressor function.
  • Proteins >40 kDa require active transport into the nucleus.
  • The importin alpha/beta pathway is a primary nuclear import mechanism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on BRCA1 subcellular localization.
  • To emphasize the nuclear import and export processes of BRCA1.
  • To clarify the role of nuclear transport in BRCA1 function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on BRCA1 nuclear transport.
  • Analysis of protein interactions involved in BRCA1 localization.
  • Discussion of active transport mechanisms for BRCA1.

Main Results:

  • BRCA1 (220 kDa) utilizes active transport for nuclear entry.
  • BRCA1 can be imported via the importin alpha/beta pathway.
  • BRCA1 also uses a piggyback mechanism with BARD1 for nuclear import and retention.

Conclusions:

  • BRCA1 nuclear import is regulated by importin pathways and BARD1 interaction.
  • BRCA1 nuclear export occurs, but its functional consequences are not fully understood.
  • Understanding BRCA1 nuclear transport is key to its role in cancer suppression.