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Evaluation of the Cognitive Performance of Hypertensive Patients with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions

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Cognitive reserve moderates decline in information processing speed in multiple sclerosis patients.

Ralph H B Benedict¹, Sarah A Morrow, Bianca Weinstock Guttman

¹Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS

|July 9, 2010

Summary

Cognitive reserve, estimated by education or reading ability, protects against cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS). Higher reserve means better preservation of cognitive function over time in MS patients.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurology
Immunology

Background:

Cognitive reserve modulates cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves central nervous system inflammation and gray matter degeneration, impacting cognition.
The role of cognitive reserve in MS-related cognitive dysfunction is under investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if cognitive reserve protects against cognitive dysfunction progression in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 91 MS patients assessed over approximately 5 years.
Cognitive function, particularly processing speed, was evaluated.
Cognitive reserve estimated using years of education and North American Adult Reading Test (NAART) scores.

Main Results:

Higher education and NAART scores significantly predicted less cognitive decline.
Patients with over 14 years of education showed no significant decline in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) performance.
Patients with 14 or fewer years of education experienced significant SDMT decline.

Conclusions:

Cognitive reserve, indicated by education and premorbid intelligence, offers protection against cognitive dysfunction progression in MS.
This suggests a potential mechanism for preserving cognitive function in individuals with MS.