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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

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Listener responses according to stuttering self-acknowledgment and modification.

Kyungjae Lee¹, Walter H Manning

¹Oklahoma State University, 042 Murray Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. kyungjae.lee@okstate.edu

Journal of Fluency Disorders

|July 9, 2010

Summary

Acknowledging stuttering can lead to more positive listener responses. This study found that when listeners could compare stuttering with and without acknowledgment, they responded more favorably when the speaker self-acknowledged their stuttering.

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Area of Science:

Speech and Language Pathology
Social Psychology
Communication Studies

Background:

Stuttering often elicits negative listener responses.
Previous research on self-acknowledgment and modification of stuttering yielded mixed results.
Understanding listener perceptions is crucial for improving communication for people who stutter.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of self-acknowledgment of stuttering on naïve listener responses.
To explore whether self-acknowledgment can elicit more positive perceptions compared to stuttering alone.
To reconcile conflicting findings in previous research regarding stuttering modification and listener reactions.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted with naïve listeners.
Experiment 1: Listeners viewed videos of a speaker exhibiting stuttering, self-acknowledgment, or both.
Experiment 2: Listeners compared auditory stimuli of stuttering with and without self-acknowledgment.

Main Results:

Experiment 1 showed no significant differences in listener responses across conditions.
Experiment 2 revealed statistically significant (p=.004) and moderately favorable (Cohen's d=.59) listener responses when self-acknowledgment occurred.
Listener perceptions were more favorable when speakers self-acknowledged stuttering, particularly when contrasting conditions.

Conclusions:

Self-acknowledgment of stuttering can positively influence naïve listener perceptions.
The ability to self-acknowledge may indicate effective coping strategies in speakers who stutter.
Informing listeners about stuttering through self-acknowledgment can foster more positive interactions.