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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface in Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction After Stroke
09:42

Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface in Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction After Stroke

Published on: September 1, 2023

Stuttering after right cerebellar infarction: a case study.

Tetsuo Tani1, Yasujiro Sakai

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Hidaka Hospital, 886 Nakao-cho, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0001, Japan. tt42712@arion.ocn.ne.jp

Journal of Fluency Disorders
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Cerebellar infarction can cause neurogenic stuttering, characterized by frequent repetitions and lack of adaptation. This suggests that cerebellar dysfunction, specifically internal model impairment, underlies the condition.

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Published on: September 1, 2023

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Neurogenic stuttering is a speech disorder resulting from neurological damage.
  • Cerebellar infarction, a stroke affecting the cerebellum, is an uncommon cause of acquired stuttering.

Observation:

  • A male patient developed neurogenic stuttering following a cerebellar infarction.
  • Previous brain damage (frontal, thalamus) had caused aphasia but not stuttering.
  • Speech analysis revealed frequent syllable/part-word repetitions, predominantly on initial sounds, with absent adaptation and secondary behaviors.

Findings:

  • Stuttering frequency increased significantly between initial and follow-up assessments.
  • The pattern of stuttering suggests a disruption in speech motor control linked to cerebellar function.
  • Internal model dysfunction within the cerebellum is proposed as the cause of stuttering.

Implications:

  • Cerebellar internal models are crucial for fluent speech production.
  • Cerebellar infarction can lead to specific stuttering characteristics.
  • Understanding the role of the cerebellum in speech provides insights into neurogenic stuttering.