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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

Lethal giant cell arteritis with multiple ischemic strokes despite aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.

Christine Lu-Emerson1, Melanie Walker, Bertrand R Huber

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) can be fatal even with aggressive treatment. These cases highlight a severe GCA variant affecting major arteries, suggesting a potential non-inflammatory arteriopathy requiring new therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a systemic vasculitis primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

  • While typically responsive to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, some GCA cases exhibit aggressive or refractory disease courses.
  • Cerebrovascular involvement in GCA can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.