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Updated: Jun 11, 2026
Multimodal Cross-Device and Marker-Free Co-Registration of Preclinical Imaging Modalities
Published on: October 27, 2023
In vitro assessment of artifacts from commercially available markers for image-guided preoperative marking of bone
Christoph Thomas1, Bernd M Müller-Bierl, Hansjörg Rempp
1Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Str 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany. christoph.thomas@med.uni-tuebingen.de
Purpose:
To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging artifacts from several commercially available MR imaging-compatible and non-MR imaging-compatible markers for image-guided marking of soft tissue lesions at different field strengths and sequences.
Materials And Methods:
Ten different marking devices (anchor, coil, V, and X shapes) were injected into solid agar and imaged at two different field strengths (1.5 T, 3.0 T) and with three MR sequences (T1-weighted three-dimensional fast low-angle shot, T1-weighted two-dimensional fast low-angle shot MR fluoroscopy, and T2-weighted short inversion time inversion-recovery). Artifacts were assessed quantitatively by evaluating the areas of signal extinction and calculating equivalent diameters and qualitatively by visual grading. Paired t tests were used to assess the influence of sequence types and field strengths.
Results:
Artifact diameters ranged from negligible to 45.8 mm. Sequence types and field strength did not have a statistically relevant influence on the artifact size. All artifacts from non-MR imaging-compatible V- and X-shaped markers were rated as "too large;" the artifacts from MR imaging-compatible V- and X-shaped markers and from all anchor-shaped devices were rated as "too small." The highest ratings were achieved by an MR imaging-compatible coil-shaped marker.
Conclusions:
The artifacts of the tested marking devices are mainly determined by their shapes and materials. Sequence types and field strengths have only a small influence on the artifacts. The most distinguished signal voids with an intermediate size resulted from an MR imaging-compatible coil-shaped marker.
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