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Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Thermal Expansion

The expansion of alcohol in a thermometer is one of many commonly encountered examples of thermal expansion, which is the change in size or volume of a given system as its temperature changes. The most visible example is the expansion of hot air. When air is heated, it expands and becomes less dense than the surrounding air, which then exerts an upward force on the hot air to, for example, make steam and smoke rise, and hot air balloons float. The same behavior happens in all liquids and gases,...
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The Joule-Thomson effect, also known as the Joule-Kelvin effect, describes the temperature change of a fluid when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping it in a thermally insulated environment. This experiment is called a throttling process. This is an important effect widely used in refrigeration and the liquefaction of gases.
This experiment forces high-pressure gas through a throttle valve or a porous plug to a lower-pressure region. The gas expands as it passes through to...
Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
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Thermoregulation

The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Thermal Stress

If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...

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Thermal Limits Determination for Zooplankton Using a Heat Block
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Diving through the thermal window: implications for a warming world.

Hamish A Campbell1, Ross G Dwyer, Matthew Gordos

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia. dr.hamish.campbell@gmail.com

Proceedings. Biological Sciences
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rising water temperatures negatively impact diving behavior in air-breathing ectotherms like crocodiles. Warmer conditions reduce dive times and impair recovery, potentially threatening survival in a changing climate.

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Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Ecology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Climatic warming is altering ectotherm distribution and population dynamics.
  • Elevated temperatures can affect ectotherm physiology and behavior, including diving in air-breathing species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of increased water temperature on the diving behavior of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni).
  • To determine if thermal acclimatization adequately supports diving metabolic rates under warmer conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Remote recording of submergence times and body temperatures in free-ranging freshwater crocodiles during summer and winter.
  • Analysis of dive durations, surface recovery times, and the influence of body mass on dive performance.

Main Results:

  • Crocodiles exhibited significantly higher body temperatures and shorter dive durations in summer compared to winter.
  • Extended dives in summer led to disproportionately longer surface recovery times, indicating reduced diving lactate threshold (DLT).
  • Body mass had a greater influence on dive duration in summer, further supporting a reduced DLT.

Conclusions:

  • Increased summer body temperatures elevate oxygen demand during dives, exceeding the crocodiles' metabolic acclimatization capacity.
  • Reduced diving performance and impaired recovery under warmer conditions may negatively affect the behavioral function and long-term survival of air-breathing diving ectotherms.
  • Aquatic environmental warming poses a significant threat to these species.