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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Alzheimer Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Alzheimer disease involves structural changes in the brain that begin long before symptoms appear. The most distinctive features are extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles.Neuritic plaques form in the cerebral cortex and around blood vessels. These plaques contain a dense core of beta-amyloid (Aβ)—a toxic protein fragment that clumps outside neurons. The core is surrounded by damaged neuronal extensions, as well as reactive astrocytes and microglia. Abnormal...
Organization of the Brain01:30

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data
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Brain structure in movement disorders: a neuroimaging perspective.

Bogdan Draganski1, Kailash P Bhatia

  • 1Departement des neurosciences cliniques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. bogdan.draganski@gmail.com

Current Opinion in Neurology
|July 9, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Recent advances in structural neuroimaging reveal distinct brain changes in movement disorders like Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Computational neuroanatomy aids in early diagnosis and tracking disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Movement disorders encompass a range of neurological conditions affecting motor control.
  • Structural neuroimaging techniques have evolved significantly, offering higher resolution and advanced analytical methods.
  • Understanding the neuroanatomical underpinnings is crucial for diagnosing and managing these disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of recent advancements in structural neuroimaging.
  • To discuss the impact of these advances on movement disorders research.
  • To highlight novel computational neuroanatomy techniques and their applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on structural neuroimaging in movement disorders.
  • Focus on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality improvements.
  • Application of computational neuroanatomy, including voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Main Results:

  • Voxel-based morphometry shows consistent patterns of brain structure changes in various movement disorders.
  • Idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with basal ganglia grey matter decreases, and cortical/limbic changes with cognitive impairment.
  • Essential tremor links to thalamic and cerebellar changes; Huntington's disease shows caudate and cortical loss; dystonia and Tourette's syndrome reveal complex genotype-phenotype interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Computational neuroanatomy offers valuable in-vivo tools for assessing brain structure in movement disorders.
  • These techniques enable accurate classification, even in early disease stages.
  • Structural neuroimaging aids in monitoring therapeutic effects and disease progression.