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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Using administrative datasets to study outcomes in dialysis patients: a validation study.

Robert R Quinn¹, Andreas Laupacis, Peter C Austin

¹Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Canada. rob.quinn@albertahealthservices.ca

|July 9, 2010

Summary

Administrative health data accurately capture dialysis patient demographics and key outcomes like death and transplantation. However, recreating complete dialysis treatment history and exact event dates from these datasets has limitations.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

A Murine Model of Hemodialysis Access-Related Hand Dysfunction

Published on: May 31, 2022

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Health Informatics
Data Science

Background:

The increasing use of administrative health data for research necessitates rigorous quality assessment.
Ensuring the accuracy of secondary data is crucial for reliable research findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the accuracy of linked administrative databases in capturing patient information for dialysis research.
To assess the reliability of administrative data for demographic, treatment, and outcome variables in incident dialysis patients.

Main Methods:

A multicenter chart-abstraction study was conducted in Ontario, Canada.
Linked administrative databases were compared against medical records as the reference standard.
The study focused on incident dialysis patients, examining baseline data, treatment changes, and outcomes.

Main Results:

Administrative databases demonstrated high accuracy for demographic information and initial dialysis details.
Capturing complete dialysis treatment history and precise event dates from physician billing claims was limited.
Key outcomes such as death and kidney transplantation were well-recorded, but kidney function recovery could not be reliably assessed.

Conclusions:

This validation study highlights the strengths and limitations of administrative datasets for dialysis research.
Future validation efforts should confirm the reliable capture of essential variables beyond baseline comorbidities.