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Four-to-six-year-old children use norm-based coding in face-space.

Linda Jeffery1, Elinor McKone, Rebecca Haynes

  • 1School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia. linda@psy.uwa.edu.au

Journal of Vision
|July 10, 2010
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Summary

Young children aged 4-6 demonstrate norm-based face-space coding, similar to adults. This finding reveals that developmental improvements in face recognition are not due to a fundamental change in coding mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Children's face perception abilities mature through adolescence.
  • Adult face recognition relies on holistic processing and face-space coding.
  • Holistic processing is established in early childhood, but face-space coding in children remains understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate face-space coding in young children (4-6 years old).
  • To determine if children's face-space coding is norm-based.
  • To understand developmental changes in face perception mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Children (4-6 years) were exposed to distorted faces (adaptors).
  • Adaptation aftereffects for identity-relevant facial features were measured.
  • The effect of adaptor distortion severity (mild vs. extreme) on aftereffects was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Children showed adaptation aftereffects for facial distortions, indicating early face-space coding.
  • Aftereffects were stronger for extreme distortions than mild ones, mirroring adult patterns.
  • This suggests a norm-based coding system is present in children under 8 years.

Conclusions:

  • Face-space coding is norm-based in children as young as 4-6 years.
  • Developmental improvements in face identification are not due to a shift from exemplar to norm-based coding.
  • This research provides the first evidence of norm-based face-space coding in pre-adolescent children.