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Related Concept Videos

Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
08:23

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Published on: November 5, 2019

Diastolic dysfunction in sickle cell.

Gregory J Kato1, Vandana Sachdev

  • 1National Institutes of Health.

Blood
|July 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) in children is linked to heart issues like left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. These conditions correlate with lower oxygen levels, highlighting the need for cardiovascular monitoring in pediatric SCD patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry
08:23

Characterization of Sickling During Controlled Automated Deoxygenation with Oxygen Gradient Ektacytometry

Published on: November 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Hematology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Echocardiographic evidence of diastolic dysfunction is a significant risk factor for mortality in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD).
  • This study investigates cardiac function and sleep characteristics in children with SCD.
  • Previous research indicated associations between cardiac abnormalities and low oxygen levels in pediatric SCD.

Discussion:

  • The study found left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in children with SCD.
  • These cardiac abnormalities significantly correlated with lower transcutaneous oxygen levels (TcO2) during sleep and wakefulness.
  • Systolic blood pressure also showed a correlation with these cardiac findings.

Key Insights:

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction are prevalent in children with SCD.
  • Low oxygen saturation (TcO2) is associated with cardiac structural and functional changes in pediatric SCD.
  • These findings reinforce the link between cardiovascular complications and respiratory disturbances in SCD.

Outlook:

  • Further research is needed to elucidate the causal mechanisms between hypoxemia and cardiac dysfunction in pediatric SCD.
  • Longitudinal studies can assess the progression of cardiac abnormalities and their impact on long-term outcomes.
  • Developing targeted interventions to improve oxygenation may mitigate cardiac risks in children with SCD.