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Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces01:13

Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces

In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces
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Lung self-assembly is modulated by tissue surface tensions.

Margaret A Schwarz1, Haihua Zheng, Susan Legan

  • 1UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA. margaret.schwarz@utsouthwestern.edu

American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary bodies (PBs) mimic fetal lung development and reveal liquid-like properties guiding self-assembly. Endothelial/monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAPII) impacts PB cohesion and cell polarity, offering insights into lung hypoplasia.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Lung morphogenesis involves complex interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
  • Lung hypoplasia, a condition of incomplete lung development, is associated with abnormal cellular interactions.
  • Endothelial/monocyte-activating polypeptide II (EMAPII) is upregulated in lung hypoplasia, suggesting a potential role in abnormal lung development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify cell-intrinsic properties governing epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during lung self-assembly.
  • To investigate the role of EMAPII in a novel model of fetal lung formation.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms by which EMAPII influences lung development.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a 3D pulmonary body (PB) self-assembly model mimicking fetal lung formation.
  • Measurement of PB compaction rate and cohesion to assess cellular organization.
  • Analysis of EMAPII's impact on PB properties and cellular behavior, including fibronectin matrix assembly, epithelial cell polarity, and surfactant protein C expression.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary bodies exhibit liquid-like properties that facilitate self-organization and guide lung development.
  • EMAPII significantly increases PB compaction rate and decreases cohesion by affecting mesenchymal cells.
  • EMAPII interferes with fibronectin matrix assembly and alters epithelial cell polarity and surfactant protein C expression.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary bodies possess liquid-like properties crucial for guiding fetal lung self-assembly.
  • EMAPII influences both mesenchymal and epithelial cells through distinct molecular mechanisms, impacting lung development.
  • These findings provide novel insights into the cellular basis of lung hypoplasia and potential therapeutic targets.