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Related Concept Videos

Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines01:21

Boundary Conditions: Lossless Lines

Consider a single-phase, two-wire, lossless transmission line terminated by an impedance at the receiving end and a source with Thevenin voltage and impedance at the sending end. The line, with length, has a surge impedance and wave velocity determined by the line's inductance and capacitance.
At the receiving end, the boundary condition states that the voltage equals the product of the receiving-end impedance and current. This relationship is expressed as a function of the incident and...
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines01:18

Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines

A streamline represents the trajectory that is always tangent to the fluid's velocity vector at any given point. The velocity of a fluid particle is always directed along the streamline, ensuring the particle continuously follows the streamline's path. Streamlines are particularly useful for visualizing the overall direction of flow in a fluid system, and they provide an instantaneous representation of the flow's velocity field. In steady flow, where conditions do not change over time,...
Lossless Lines01:23

Lossless Lines

In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...
Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

Velocity and Position by Graphical Method

Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to calculate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces
11:59

High-speed Particle Image Velocimetry Near Surfaces

Published on: June 24, 2013

Two fast methods for high-quality line visibility.

Forrester Cole1, Adam Finkelstein

  • 1Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. fcole@cs.princeton.edu

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
|July 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Generating stylized line drawings from 3D models is challenging due to visibility computation. This study introduces graphics hardware-accelerated methods for fast and robust line visibility, enabling better rendering and animation.

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Graphics
  • Geometric Modeling
  • Image Synthesis

Background:

  • Stylized line drawings enhance 3D model comprehensibility and offer stylistic freedom over shading.
  • Visibility computation for line drawings from 3D models presents a significant challenge.
  • Existing algorithms are often too slow for interactive rendering or too brittle for animation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop fast and robust methods for computing line visibility in 3D models.
  • To leverage graphics hardware for improved line drawing generation.
  • To support a broad range of stylization options in line rendering.

Main Methods:

  • Exploitation of graphics hardware for visibility testing.
  • Implementation of a simple shader for high-quality line visibility.
  • Development of a fully optimized pipeline for advanced stylization and line visibility.

Main Results:

  • Achieved fast and robust line visibility computation using graphics hardware.
  • Demonstrated a simple shader for conventional line drawing visibility.
  • Introduced an optimized pipeline supporting diverse stylization and line visibility.

Conclusions:

  • Graphics hardware acceleration offers a viable solution for efficient line visibility computation.
  • The proposed methods improve the speed and robustness of generating stylized line drawings from 3D models.
  • The optimized pipeline enables greater stylistic freedom and coherent animation for 3D line renderings.