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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

The 4 Mountains Test: A Short Test of Spatial Memory with High Sensitivity for the Diagnosis of Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease
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Published on: October 13, 2016

[A simple cognitive test which detects early decline in cognitive function].

Yasuo Yamamoto1, Ryuichi Sakaguchi, Hirokazu Nagata

  • 1Social Welfare Corporation Akeainosatokai.

Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. Japanese Journal of Geriatrics
|July 10, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The Simple Cognitive test (SC-test) effectively detects early cognitive decline, particularly frontal lobe function. This rapid, sensitive, and specific tool aids in identifying individuals needing cognitive support.

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Published on: January 11, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Early detection of cognitive decline is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Existing cognitive tests may be time-consuming or lack sensitivity for early-stage changes.
  • Frontal lobe function is particularly vulnerable to early cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate a new, rapid cognitive assessment tool, the Simple Cognitive test (SC-test).
  • To determine the SC-test's sensitivity and specificity in detecting early cognitive decline.
  • To examine the SC-test's correlation with established cognitive measures like MMSE and FAB.

Main Methods:

  • The SC-test, a 3-minute visual-spatial task, was administered.
  • A normal control group (271 nursing home staff) established baseline performance.
  • A day-rehabilitation group (114 participants) underwent SC-test, Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB).

Main Results:

  • Younger individuals (18-29 years) scored higher on the SC-test (48.1 points) than older individuals (60-69 years, 36.2 points).
  • The day-rehabilitation group showed significant correlations between SC-test scores and MMSE (r=0.569) and FAB (r=0.664).
  • Low SC-test scores corresponded with low FAB scores, even in individuals with high MMSE scores, suggesting specificity for frontal lobe function.

Conclusions:

  • The SC-test is a user-friendly tool with high sensitivity and specificity for early cognitive decline.
  • The test shows particular promise in identifying early decline in frontal lobe function.
  • The SC-test's rapid administration and clear results support its utility in clinical settings.