Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2026

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings
Published on: March 30, 2014
Advancing drug availability-experiences from Africa
Richard A Powell1, Richard Mugula Kaye, Henry Ddungu
1African Palliative Care Association, Kampala, Uganda. tony.powell@apca.org.ug
Abstract:
International health and drug regulatory authorities acknowledge that analgesics (especially opioids) are insufficiently available for pain management in many countries. In Africa, reported morphine consumption is far below the global mean, with multiple factors hampering opioid supply. Since 2006, the African Palliative Care Association has hosted three regional drug availability workshops across the continent to address this issue. Using an interactive format, the workshops have identified country-specific barriers to opioid and other essential medication accessibility before supporting participants to develop action plans to address recognized impediments. Despite multiple challenges, a number of successes have arisen from the implementation of the plans. However, key issues remain, including the introduction of supportive policy environments, effective educational initiatives, and measures to address supply-chain obstacles impeding drug availability.
Related Concept Videos
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

