Unusual presenting signs of retinoblastoma: a case study

In the US, leukocoria is the most common presenting sign of retinoblastoma, and strabismus is the second most common finding. Retinoblastoma less frequently presents as an inflammatory process involving the eye or orbit, which often masks the symptoms of retinoblastoma. Children who present with leukocoria strabismus, hypopyon, heterochromia, rubeosis, hyphema, or an orbital cellulitis should be referred to an ophthalmologist for a dilated fundus examination of both eyes, under general anesthesia if necessary, to rule out the possibility of a retinoblastoma in the differential diagnosis.