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Related Concept Videos

Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Hypoglycemia01:26

Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is a blood glucose level below 70 mg/dL. It commonly occurs in individuals using insulin or insulin-secreting drugs, but may also arise in non-diabetic conditions. People with type 1 diabetes are at the highest risk because they depend on exogenous insulin. People with type 2 diabetes are also at risk, especially when treated with insulin or medications such as sulfonylureas, which increase insulin release regardless of blood glucose levels. It develops when insulin levels exceed...
Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State01:21

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State, or HHS, is a serious and life-threatening complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by three main features: severe hyperglycemia, profound dehydration, and elevated serum osmolality, all occurring without significant ketoacidosis.HHS typically develops in older adults or individuals with limited access to fluids. This may result from illness, cognitive impairment, or medications such as diuretics or corticosteroids. These factors reduce...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...

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hCG physiology.

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First-trimester hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin and development of hypertension.

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Hyperglycosylated hCG.

Placenta·2007
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HCG urinary metabolites in breast milk.

Hormone and metabolic research = Hormon- und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones et metabolisme·2004
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Hyperglycosylated hCG cannot be measured using a sialic acid-specific lectin immunoassay.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases
09:54

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Published on: December 26, 2011

Hyperglycosylated hCG, a review.

L A Cole1

  • 1USA hCG Reference Service, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, MSC10-5580, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. larry@hcglab.com

Placenta
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H), a distinct molecule from hCG, plays crucial roles in pregnancy and trophoblast function. Monoclonal antibody B152 enables hCG-H detection for various clinical applications.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Glycoprotein research
  • Immunodiagnostics

Background:

  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H) are distinct glycoproteins with differing structures and functions.
  • hCG-H, produced by extravillous cytotrophoblast cells, differs significantly in its oligosaccharide structure and molecular weight compared to hCG.
  • hCG-H plays vital roles in trophoblast invasion, placental implantation, and pregnancy maintenance, separate from hCG's functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the unique biological functions of hCG-H.
  • To introduce monoclonal antibody B152 as a specific binder for hCG-H.
  • To explore the diagnostic and prognostic applications of hCG-H detection in various pregnancy-related conditions and diseases.

Main Methods:

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Rapid Antibody Glycoengineering in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases
09:54

Identification and Characterization of Protein Glycosylation using Specific Endo- and Exoglycosidases

Published on: December 26, 2011

Rapid Antibody Glycoengineering in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells
06:53

Rapid Antibody Glycoengineering in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Published on: June 2, 2022

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
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Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model

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  • Characterization of hCG-H structure and molecular weight.
  • Identification of monoclonal antibody B152's specific binding to hCG-H.
  • Development and application of immunometric assays utilizing B152 for hCG-H detection.

    • Main Results:

    • hCG-H has significantly larger and more complex oligosaccharide chains than hCG.
    • Monoclonal antibody B152 uniquely binds to hCG-H, enabling its specific detection.
    • hCG-H detection assays can be used for pregnancy detection, management of gestational trophoblastic diseases, Down syndrome screening, and prediction of pregnancy complications.

    Conclusions:

    • hCG-H is a critical molecule with distinct functions in reproduction and pregnancy.
    • Monoclonal antibody B152-based assays offer a versatile tool for various obstetric and gynecologic diagnostics.
    • hCG-H testing provides valuable insights for managing pregnancy complications and gynecologic conditions.