[Reflections and perspectives on evidence-based health promotion in the French environment]

In France, current structuring of preventive and health promotion policies has created a context favoring evidence-based actions. Yet, in health promotion and health education, interventions are very much setting dependent, potentially compromising this type of approach to health promotion. Thus, in an attempt to inform participants in health promotion in the French setting of ongoing international debates on the topic, we present the main limitations developed in literature, highlighting recent work responding to the challenge. Our analysis is focused on three points: the issue of the level of intervention and indicators to assess efficacy and effectiveness of health promotion interventions; the issue of research methodologies, their capacity to demonstrate efficacy and effectiveness of health promotion interventions and the transferability of their outcomes; the issue of the external validity of studies, and in particular the information necessary for understanding complex mechanisms of intervention. On the basis of this analysis, and with the aim of improving evidence-based health promotion practices, we propose practical perspectives in the French environment for policymakers, local practitioners and researchers. To conclude, we link this issue with the concept of knowledge transfer, which is developed in other countries.