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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations01:30

Coronary Artery Disease III: Clinical Manifestations

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a primary health risk worldwide, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. The condition arises from the buildup of atherosclerotic plaques within the coronary arteries, resulting in diminished blood supply to the heart muscle.The clinical manifestations of CAD vary widely, from asymptomatic stages to severe, life-threatening conditions. Understanding these manifestations is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management.Angina Pectoris: The Warning...
Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies01:30

Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies

Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
Introduction Cardiac Emergencies01:30

Introduction Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac emergencies are critical situations involving the heart that require immediate medical intervention to prevent severe complications or death. These emergencies often arise from underlying heart conditions that impair the heart's ability to function correctly.Types of Cardiac EmergenciesThe most common types of cardiac emergencies include Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac arrest, and heart failure.Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)...
Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management01:26

Acute Coronary Syndrome V: Nursing Management

Nursing Assessment:Nursing management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) involves taking the patient's history, focusing on primary complaints such as chest pain, dyspnea, and excessive sweating (diaphoresis), as well as other symptoms like back or jaw pain, nausea, vomiting, palpitations, dizziness, and fatigue. The nurse also reviews the patient's history of cardiac events, risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, family history, and current medications.In the objective assessment,...

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Sudden coronary death in children.

Fabio Tavora1, Ling Li, Allen Burke

  • 1Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA.

Cardiovascular Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Coronary artery disease is rare in young people. Anomalous coronary artery origins and courses were the most frequent causes of coronary death in children and adolescents studied.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Forensic Pathology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is an infrequent cause of significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations.
  • Congenital anomalies, particularly anomalous origins and courses of coronary arteries, represent the predominant forms of CAD in the young.
  • Other less common etiologies include intimal proliferation and coronary arteritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and characteristics of coronary artery disease as a cause of death in children and adolescents.
  • To identify the specific types and prevalence of coronary lesions in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of natural deaths in children (≤16 years) and sudden infant death syndrome cases from a statewide medical examiner's office (2004-2007).

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  • Categorization of deaths based on underlying cardiac pathology, with specific attention to coronary artery disease.
  • Detailed examination of morphologic abnormalities in fatal coronary events.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 197 natural deaths in children ≤16 years, 9 (14%) were attributed to coronary artery disease.
    • The majority of these coronary deaths (7 out of 9) involved anomalous coronary artery origins or courses.
    • Two cases of coronary death were due to intimal proliferation.

    Conclusions:

    • Coronary artery disease, though uncommon, is a significant cause of cardiac death in the young.
    • Congenital coronary anomalies are the leading cause of CAD-related mortality in this age group.
    • Understanding these rare but critical conditions is essential for pediatric cardiac care and forensic analysis.