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Related Experiment Videos

Septic reactions to platelet transfusions. A persistent problem.

J F Morrow1, H G Braine, T S Kickler

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md.

JAMA
|July 24, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Transfusion-associated sepsis from contaminated platelet concentrates is a significant risk. Reducing platelet storage time can decrease septic episodes, improving patient safety in cancer care.

Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Disease
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Microbiologically contaminated platelet concentrates can cause serious transfusion reactions.
  • Platelet transfusions are critical for patients with thrombocytopenia, especially those undergoing cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the medical and laboratory features of bacteremia resulting from contaminated platelet transfusions.
  • To identify risk factors and clinical manifestations of transfusion-associated sepsis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective monitoring of febrile transfusion reactions over 42 months at a comprehensive cancer center.
  • Microbiological evaluation (Gram's stain, culture) of implicated platelet units.
  • Analysis of patient data for those receiving platelet transfusions for bone marrow failure-related thrombocytopenia.

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Main Results:

  • Seven cases of transfusion-associated sepsis were identified.
  • Platelet products stored for 5 days showed a fivefold higher incidence of sepsis compared to those stored for 4 days or less (P < .01).
  • Contamination likely occurred during blood collection; septic reactions presented with higher fever than reactions to sterile products.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet concentrate contamination remains a critical clinical issue.
  • Shortening platelet storage intervals is a potential strategy to reduce septic episodes.
  • Enhanced vigilance and improved collection practices are needed to mitigate risks.