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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Chromatography: Introduction01:10

Chromatography: Introduction

Chromatography is a technique used to separate compounds based on differences of partitioning between two phases, the stationary phase and the mobile phase.
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Principles Of Column Chromatography01:13

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Chromatographic Methods: Classification01:12

Chromatographic Methods: Classification

Chromatographic techniques are classified in three ways: the classification is based on the physical state of the stationary and mobile phases, how the mobile phase and the stationary phase contact each other, or through the chemical or physical processes that isolate the components of the sample. Typically, the mobile phase is either a liquid or gas, while the stationary phase is either a solid or a liquid layer applied to a solid surface.
Chromatographic techniques are typically named by...

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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
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Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

Chiral separation by two-column, semi-continuous, open-loop simulated moving-bed chromatography.

João M M Araújo1, Rui C R Rodrigues, Mário F J Eusébio

  • 1Requimte/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a simplified two-column chiral separation system using cyclic flow modulation. The innovative design achieves efficient separation without recycling, demonstrating its effectiveness for reboxetine racemate.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Separation Science
  • Chromatography

Background:

  • Chiral separations are crucial for pharmaceuticals, but traditional methods can be complex and inefficient.
  • Multicolumn, semi-continuous chromatography often relies on recycling, adding complexity.
  • Developing streamlined, high-performance chiral separation techniques is an ongoing challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present and experimentally validate a simplified two-column, open-loop chromatograph for chiral separation.
  • To demonstrate a flexible node design and cyclic flow-rate modulation for efficient separation without recycling.
  • To optimize the process using a model-based approach for physically realizable solutions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a two-column, semi-continuous, open-loop chromatographic system.
  • Implementation of a flexible node design and cyclic flow-rate modulation.
  • Rigorous model-based optimization for cycle design and operation.
  • Experimental validation using reboxetine racemate separation under overloaded conditions.
  • Automated on-line enantiomeric analysis using HPLC with UV detection.

Main Results:

  • The streamlined two-column system effectively separates chiral compounds without recycling.
  • Cyclic flow-rate modulation successfully maintains the mass-transfer zone within the system.
  • The optimized scheme efficiently supplies feed and recovers purified products (extract and raffinate).
  • Experimental results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the process for reboxetine racemate.
  • On-line enantiomeric analysis confirmed successful separation without a polarimeter.

Conclusions:

  • The presented two-column chromatographic system offers a simplified and effective approach to chiral separation.
  • The flexible node design and cyclic flow modulation are key to the system's efficiency and simplicity.
  • This method provides a viable alternative for enantiomeric separation, particularly under overloaded conditions.