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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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CD11c+CD8+ T cells: two-faced adaptive immune regulators.

Dass S Vinay1, Byoung S Kwon

  • 1Section of Clinical Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.

Cellular Immunology
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

CD11c+CD8+ T cells are newly identified regulatory cells that suppress immune responses and ameliorate autoimmune diseases. These cells exhibit dual roles, acting as either immune suppressors or effectors, making them a potential therapeutic target.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory cells are crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis by controlling immune responses.
  • CD8+ T cells co-expressing CD11c represent a novel subset of regulatory cells with significant immune-modulating functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the discovery, origins, and developmental requirements of CD11c+CD8+ T cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying their immune-suppressive and effector potentials.
  • To discuss their dual role in immune regulation and potential as therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • The review synthesizes existing research on CD11c+CD8+ T cells.
  • Analysis of their cytokine production (IL-10, TGF-beta, IFN-gamma).
  • Investigation of cell-cell contact dependent mechanisms involving IDO and GCN2.

Main Results:

  • CD11c+CD8+ T cells exhibit suppressive functions via IL-10, TGF-beta, and IFN-gamma production.
  • These cells target pathogenic CD4+ T cells through IDO- and GCN2-dependent pathways.
  • Adoptive transfer of these cells ameliorates autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and colitis.
  • In viral and cancer models, CD11c+CD8+ T cells can act as immune effectors.

Conclusions:

  • CD11c+CD8+ T cells possess a dual nature, capable of both immune suppression and immune activation.
  • Their distinct functions offer potential for targeted immunotherapies in various diseases.
  • Further research into their developmental pathways and regulatory mechanisms is warranted.