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The DNA Helix

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...

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DNA as a Genetic Template

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Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

DNA Base Pairing

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Erwin Chargaff’s rules on DNA equivalence paved the way for the discovery of base pairing in DNA. Chargaff’s rules state that in a double-stranded DNA molecule,

DNA Base Pairing

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

A duplex DNA model with regular inter-base-pair hydrogen bonds.

Xu-Qing Li¹, Ping Fan

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650051, China. lxq@public.km.yn.cn

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|July 13, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Inter-base-pair hydrogen bonds (IBP H-bonds) are the dominant force stabilizing DNA duplexes. This finding clarifies DNA sequence-dependence and physical properties, offering new insights into DNA dynamics.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biophysics
Structural Biology

Background:

Base-pair stacking is crucial for DNA duplex stability and sequence-dependence.
The dominant force driving base-pair stacking remains a fundamental, unresolved question in biology.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a new DNA model explaining the dominant force in base-pair stacking.
To elucidate the role of inter-base-pair hydrogen bonds (IBP H-bonds) in DNA structure and properties.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel duplex DNA model incorporating non-planar amino groups on DNA bases.
Analysis of regular inter-base-pair hydrogen bonds (IBP H-bonds) within the proposed model.

Main Results:

The new model indicates that IBP H-bonds are the primary force stabilizing base-pair stacking.
IBP H-bonds critically influence the geometry and physical characteristics of sequence-dependent base-pair stacking.
The model establishes a link between base sequence, DNA fine structure, and physical properties at the dinucleotide level.

Conclusions:

Regular IBP H-bonds offer a concise, quantitative explanation for observed DNA sequence-dependent properties.
This model provides a new framework for understanding DNA dynamics, sequence-structure-property relationships, and DNA strand separation during biological processes.