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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins
14:49

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2018

Influenza virus budding does not require a functional AAA+ ATPase, VPS4.

Rie Watanabe1, Robert A Lamb

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3500, USA.

Virus Research
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Influenza virus budding does not require the ESCRT pathway

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Enveloped viruses often hijack the host cell's endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery for budding.
  • VPS4, an AAA+ ATPase, is a key component of the ESCRT pathway, crucial for MVB formation and viral budding in some viruses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of VPS4 and the ESCRT pathway in influenza virus particle budding.
  • To determine if inhibiting VPS4 function affects influenza virus release.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized siRNA knockdown to reduce VPS4A and VPS4B expression.
  • Employed cell lines inducibly expressing dominant-negative VPS4A or VPS4B mutants.
  • Assessed influenza virus budding efficiency under these conditions.

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Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins
14:49

A Quantitative Dot Blot Assay for AAV Titration and Its Use for Functional Assessment of the Adeno-associated Virus Assembly-activating Proteins

Published on: June 12, 2018

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation
07:24

In Vitro Disassembly of Influenza A Virus Capsids by Gradient Centrifugation

Published on: March 27, 2016

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection
08:16

Identifying Caspases and their Motifs that Cleave Proteins During Influenza A Virus Infection

Published on: July 21, 2022

Main Results:

  • Neither VPS4A/B knockdown nor dominant-negative VPS4A/B expression inhibited influenza virus budding.
  • In contrast, vesicular stomatitis virus budding was significantly diminished by VPS4 dysfunction, confirming the experimental approach's validity.

Conclusions:

  • The ESCRT pathway, including VPS4, is not essential for influenza virus particle budding.
  • Influenza virus likely employs alternative mechanisms for viral release, distinct from ESCRT-dependent pathways utilized by other enveloped viruses.